Crawled, currently not indexed means Google fetched the page, read it, and decided not to include it in search results for now. It may be indexed later without you doing anything. Unlike the discovered status, this one is a judgement about the page or the site, not a queue.
What the judgement is usually about
Google does not publish the reasons for individual pages, but the patterns are consistent. The page is a near duplicate of something already indexed, on your site or elsewhere. The page answers nothing that another page does not already answer better. The page is so thin that there is nothing to rank. Or the site as a whole has given Google enough weak pages that it has started declining more of them.
That last one matters more than people expect. Google has said that when it has concerns about the overall quality of a site, it indexes less of it. A handful of poor pages can lower the bar for the good ones.
Why resubmitting does not work
The Request indexing button in Search Console asks Google to fetch the page again. It already did that. Fetching it again and finding the same content produces the same decision. Google's own guidance on this status is that there is no need to resubmit.
The same goes for adding the page to a sitemap it is already in, or pinging it from social media. None of those change what is on the page or what points at it.
What does work
Make the page worth keeping. Give it a specific question to answer that no other page on your site answers, put the answer at the top, and make the title, heading and URL all say the same thing. If two pages cover one topic, merge them and redirect the loser.
Then give Google a reason to revisit. A link from a page that already ranks, with anchor text describing the topic, does that. So does a link from another site. A page that gains a real link is very often re-evaluated within days.
If a page has no purpose you can state in one sentence, remove it. Fewer, stronger pages get a site indexed more completely than many weak ones.
When it is fine to ignore
Some pages should not be indexed: internal search results, paginated archives, filter combinations, thank-you pages. If those show up under this status, Google is doing the right thing. The list is only a problem when it contains pages you need customers to find.
Sources
Where this shows up in the tracker
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Related terms
Discovered, currently not indexed
Discovered, currently not indexed means Google knows a page exists, usually from your sitemap or a link, but has not yet fetched it. The page has not been judged and rejected. It has been queued and left there. On a small site that almost always means Google has not found a reason to prioritise it, not that your server is overloaded.
Thin content
Thin content is a page that offers a visitor little or nothing they could not get elsewhere: empty category pages, copied product descriptions, auto-generated text, a paragraph wrapped around an advert. Google has no minimum word count and says so. A short page that answers a question is not thin. A long page that says nothing is.
Duplicate content
Duplicate content is substantially the same content available at more than one URL, on your own site or across sites. There is no duplicate content penalty. What happens instead is that Google picks one version to index and folds the others into it, and if it picks the wrong one, or splits links between them, you lose some of what you have earned.
Internal linking
Internal linking is linking from one page on your website to another. It is how Google discovers most of your pages, how it works out which ones you consider important, and how it learns what each page is about from the words used to link to it. It is also the one ranking lever that costs nothing and that you control completely.